Phytochemical Composition of Rice

Rice is a widely grown cereal crop all over the world. All parts of rice including grain, husk, and straw are used as nutrition for humans, fodder for animals, and fertilizer for soil, respectively. Rice grain due to its good nutritional value is a frequently used staple food all over the world. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the bioactive phytochemical components present in different parts of different rice varieties, their antioxidant potential, and their medicinal importance. All types of rice are a good source of bioactive phytochemical compounds with strong antioxidant potential. Principal phytochemicals occuring in various parts of different types of rice include tocopherols, tocotrienols, gamma oryzanol, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phytosterols, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The presence of these phytochemicals is associated with strong antioxidant potential and diverse biological activities including antitumor, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperuricemic, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, anti-metastasis, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, immunologic, mitogenic, antimicrobial, anti-proliferation, antioxidant, antiradical, antidiabetic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Based on these biological activities, rice possesses great medicinal importance and can be a good candidate for various pharmaceutical formulations.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Haq Nawaz & Momna Aslam
2. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan Huzaifa Rehman
3. Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Hina Gul
4. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Iqra Zakir & Zartash Fatima
5. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Pakeeza Iqbal
6. Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Amna Khan
7. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Kamrun Nahar

1. Haq Nawaz